Growing Tobacco From Seed

Learn how to successfully grow tobacco from seed, nurture your plants, and master the art of curing and processing dried leaves.

It all starts with a tiny seed.

Growing tobacco from seed is as rewarding as it is challenging. If you haven't ever seen a live tobacco plant in person, prepare to be amazed by the sheer beauty & elegant stature of this graceful cultivar. From it's enormous leaves to it's stunning clusters of pink flowers, this plant is sure to catch lots of attention.

Here's how to get started growing tobacco.

Cellular planting tray with soil added

Cellular trays work best for seed starting.

Although virtually any container that is capable of holding potting soil will work, cellular trays provide the best environment for germination & root growth as well as making transplanting a breeze. In our operation we use 84 cell trays. It's best to start with small cells, the smaller the better, to ensure that during growth the soil is able to dry out completely every day before watering. If the soil stays wet for too long, the roots will have no reason to reach for water which is the key factor that promotes rapid root growth. Also, roots don't like to remain wet all the time because root rot & fungal diseases can & will develop. Soaking wet soil has very little (if any) space for oxygen to reside, & roots require oxygen.

Tobacco seed pod

Start with a tobacco seed pod.

Tobacco seed pods hold a minimum of 100 seeds. Often times they contain many more. 

Open the seed pod & dump the seeds out onto a table or plate.

Tobacco seeds are tiny. Dump them out of the pod very carefully as to not lose any.

Touching tip of toothpick to a damp rag

Damp rag & toothpick.

A damp rag & a toothpick will facilitate planting of individual seeds.

Picking upicking up individual tobacco seeds with a toothpick

Pick up individual seeds for planting.

Touch the tip of the toothpick to the dampened rag, then to an individual seed. The seed will stick to the end of the toothpick.

Tobacco seed on the tip of a toothpick

The tip of the toothpick is actually larger than the seed.

Use the toothpick to transfer the seed to the planting medium. It is imperative that the seed be gently placed on top of the soil without burying. Tobacco seeds require bright light for germination. If you bury the seed, it won't sprout.

Spritzing seeds in tray with water

Water with a spray bottle.

Water the seeds in lightly with a spray bottle set to a fine mist. This is the only way to water until the plants have grown into large seedlings. Use of any other watering method will risk burying the seeds & they won't germinate. Tobacco seeds germinate in about 14 days, but can take longer in less than ideal conditions. Place the tray under bright light, either in a sunny window or greenhouse, or under artificial light. Ensure that temperatures between 75 degrees F to 90 degrees F are maintained for germination to occur. Tobacco likes it nice & warm.

tobacco roots

When plants become rootbound, transplant into larger pots.

If the soil has been allowed to dry out completely every day before watering, the roots should be white in color & dispersed throughout the entire soil medium (not just swirled around the edges of the cell). At this point it is time to transplant into 4 inch pots.

Tobacco plants

Time to plant outside.

When your plants have filled the 4 inch pots with sufficient roots, it's time to take them outside. Condition them to the outdoors by bringing them outside for a couple hours per day. Repeat this process for two or three days, then transplant into the ground. It takes a about ten weeks to get to this point from the day you start the seeds. Tobacco likes it warm, so don't get in a rush & plant outdoors too early in the spring. They cannot handle frost.

Tobacco plants in a row

Plants will take off rapidly once planted in the ground.

Plant tobacco in rows spaced three feet apart. Commercially, we sometimes plant with in-row spacing that is a bit closer, but rows are still spaced three feet on center. You want plenty of room for their very large leaves to sprawl.

Tobacco prefers full sun, but can be grown in partial shade with great success. In fact, we plant some of our crop in partial shade for cigar wrappers. Leaves tend to grow larger in partial shade, but the plants will be less productive than if they were grown in full sun.

Tobacco plants in a row

As plants grow, keep a close eye out for pest.

Tobacco plants are susceptible to a variety of pest, so keep an eye out & catch it early before infestation has time to take place.

Horn worm

Hornworms can be devastating if not caught quickly.

The tobacco (or tomato) hornworm arrives by night. Their life cycle starts the previous year, so there is nothing that any pesticide organic or not can do to help this seasons crop. They emerge from the ground where they have over wintered. Hornworms will walk across the land at night to get to your tobacco plants. Spraying with products such as BT (which is organic) is of no help because the hornworms have to consume it for it to take effect. By that time the whole crop will be gone. The best course of action is to simply pluck them from the plants & smash them (we just throw them to the chickens). They are very large & can be located easily just before daylight when they are most active. Use a UV flashlight (cheap models are available online) if you want to really spot them easily. One hornworm can consume a plant over night.

tobacco leaves hanging

Harvest leaves at the correct time.

Leaves are ready to harvest individually when they begin to turn yellow. Don't get in a rush & harvest too soon while they are green, as they will dry green & be harsh if smoked. Once leaves start turning yellow, they can be cut from the plant with a sharp knife & hung up to dry (they will turn brown). Alternatively, when most of the leaves turn yellow the entire plant can be cut and hung. Hanging the leaves to dry should not be confused with curing. Curing is necessary before use & is accomplished under heated conditions. 

Cured tobacco in a mason jar

It's time to cure your harvest.

There are multiple methods that work satisfactorily for curing tobacco. Among these, there are particular methods that lend themselves toward large scale operations & methods that are suitable for hobbyist. For personal use, the pressure canner method is preferred & we use this method on an even larger scale.

When leaves are fully dried & crispy, remove the stems & large veins. Crush the dried leaves with your hands into a bucket (filler, snuff, & chew). Use a spray bottle to dampen the crushed leaves & pack them loosely into quart sized canning jars. Put more water in the canner than you normally would for canning. Weight the jars to hold them down by placing another rack or a plate on top of the bands & something heavy enough to keep the jars from floating. Process under 15 pounds of pressure for as long as you can without running out of water in the canner. 8 hours is the necessary processing time, but this will likely have to be completed in two 4 hour runs to prevent the canner from running out of water.

Wrappers have to be treated differently. To cure tobacco leaves for use as wrappers, spray the whole leaf with a fine mist to dampen. Allow moistened leaves to rest long enough to become pliable, then carefully remove the stem with a razor blade. Seal wrappers up, stacked inside a large sealed plastic bag over night. Remove the leaves from the bag & place them in a casserole dish with a tight oven proof lid. Bake in the oven at 150 degrees F for 8 hours or until dark brown, checking regularly to make sure they aren't going to completely dry out. If your oven does not turn down to 150 degrees F, set it to it's lowest setting & crack the door.

There are other options for curing your homegrown tobacco such as flue curing & heap curing, but these methods are better suited for large operations. 

Growing tobacco is an extremely rewarding venture even if you don't use it in the end, but using your own tobacco is the icing on the cake when all the work comes to fruition.

Our Mission

"Mississippi Foundation for Renewable Energy's mission is to promote sustainable lifestyles. We accomplish this by providing informative assistance in the form of consultation, as well as providing a unique product line geared toward homesteaders & "big city" dwellers alike. We are world leaders in off-grid renewable energy & alternative communications system design. We support the preservation of natural, non-GMO, open pollinated plant life, & donate tens of thousands of seeds each year to seed library programs across the USA. All proceeds from our website https://www.backwoodsenergy.org are utilized in our effort to fulfil our mission of promoting sustainable lifestyles worldwide." 

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